Dr. Srinivasa Shentar, Bengaluru
Introduction
Very early pregnancy
LMP, EDD, Dating guidelines
Ectopic pregnancies
Nuchal translucency, Nasal bone
Doppler –
Ductus venosus, Tricuspid and Uterine arteries
1st trimester structural scan
1st trimester anomalies – examples
Serum biochemistry in screening
2. TIFFA & GIT
Indications
Mandatory sections
Biometry Communication
How to save time
Esophagus
Stomach,
Duodenum
Diaphragm
Small, large
bowel
Anterior
abdominal wall
Echogenic bowel
Ascites
Liver,
spleen, GB, cysts
3. CNS
Protocols – basic vs Neurosonogram
Fetal skull
Cerebral lateral ventricles
Holoprosencephaly spectrum
Cavum septum
pellucidum, corpus callosum
Posterior cranial fossa
Vascular abnormalities
Space occupying lesions
Lissencephaly,
heterotopias
Spine – 2nd trimester and later
Fetal CNS in 1st trimester
4. CVS: part – 1
1st trimester fetal echo
Guidelines – screening and fetal echocardiography
Optimizing grey scale, Color Doppler, Pulsed Doppler
3D / 4D / STIC brief overview
Situs – cardiac and abdominal
Cardiac chambers – 4 chamber and short axis, great vessel views
Hemodynamics
Septal defects
Univentricular atrioventricular connection
Ebstein, Tricuspid dysplasia, Tricuspid regurgitation
Aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve
5. CVS: part – 2
Short review Hypoplastic
LV, critical AS
Coarctation of aorta & interrupted aortic arch
Pulmonary stenosis,
Pulmonary atresia, ductus constriction
TOF, PA with VSD, absent pulmonary valve
Common arterial trunk
DORV
TGA complete and congenitally corrected
Rt aortic arch, double aortic arch, ARSA
Heterotaxy
Venous system
Cardiomyopathies and tumors
Fetal cardiac function
Measurements
Arrythmias
Pitfalls and approach
6. GUT, FACE & NECK
Renal position and number
Renal parenchyma abnormalities
Renal collecting system
Renal masses
Fetal Urinary bladder
Classification of urinary tract dilatation
Fetal genital system basics
Fetal neck
Fetal face – protocols and views
Facial clefts
Orbits,
Mandible, Tongue, Ears
Nose, facial profile
7. INFECTIONS, TWINS
Infection – introduction, basics
CMV
Rubella
Herpes
Parvovirus,
other viruses
Toxoplasmosis
Multiple pregnancies – introduction
1st trimester Anomaly in 1
fetus
TTTS
TAPS
TRAP
Monoamniotic twins
Conjoined twins
Demise of 1 twin
IUGR in one twin
ISUOG guidelines
8. LUNGS, SKELETON
Lung lesions
Skeleton – introduction
Identifying bones and protocols
3D in skeleton
Accuracy of ultrasound in skeletal abnormalities
Approach “Lethal”
skeletal dysplasias
Short rib
dysplasias, hypophosphatasia, Ellis van Creveld syndrome
Others –
achondroplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata
Short femur
Abnormalities of limbs
Algorithms
Abnormalities of posture and movements
First trimester
Fetal anemia,
thrombocytopenia
9. GROWTH, CHARTS, DOPPLER
Understanding basic statistics
Definitions and importance
Growth surveillance
Charts – usefulness, limitations
Protocols,
Doppler, Doppler indices
Uterine artery, umbilical artery, MCA, ductus venosus, aortic isthmus Doppler
IUGR / FGR,
Macrosomia
Biophysical profile & Liquor
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